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History of Sindh

Indus Valley Civilisation History, Cities and Decline

The Indus Valley Civilisation (سنڌو وادي) explained in easy English: its discovery in the 1920s, major cities such as Mohenjo…

Nov 14, 2026 Sim Ai

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Mohenjo-daro

Built around 4,500 years ago, Mohenjo-daro in Larkana is one of the best-preserved cities of the Indus Valley Civilization and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1980.

Makli Necropolis

Near Thatta, Makli is one of the largest necropolises in the world, with hundreds of thousands of tombs spread over several kilometres. UNESCO listed it in 1981.

Ranikot Fort

Ranikot Fort in Jamshoro is often called the Great Wall of Sindh. Its long stone walls are commonly described as one of the largest fort walls in the world.

Shah Jo Risalo

Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (1689-1752), the great Sufi poet of Sindh, composed the verses that his followers later collected as Shah Jo Risalo, arranged in 30 surs (musical chapters).

Sindhi Topi

The Sindhi topi is an embroidered cap with tiny mirrors (shisho) and a cut-out arch at the front, worn with Ajrak on Sindhi Culture Day.

Indus River Dolphin

The blind Indus river dolphin, locally called bhulan, lives mainly in the Indus between Guddu and Sukkur barrages, a protected reserve.

Keenjhar Lake

Keenjhar Lake near Thatta supplies much of Karachi's drinking water and is linked with Shah Latif's tale of Noori and Jam Tamachi.

Sindhi Culture Day

Sindhi Culture Day is celebrated every year on the first Sunday of December, when people wear Ajrak and Sindhi topi with pride.

Ajrak

Traditional Ajrak is made through block printing and several rounds of dyeing and washing. A single piece can take days of careful work.

The Indus River

The name Sindh is linked with the Indus River (Sindhu), which flows through the province into the Arabian Sea.

Frere Hall

Frere Hall in Karachi is a fine example of colonial-era architecture, completed in the 1860s and set in a green garden in the heart of the city.

Articles

Indus Valley Civilisation History, Cities and Decline